Private Pilot Private Exam

What must be managed when flying an aircraft in ground effect during landing?

1. Aircraft speed and orientation

2. Fuel levels and engine temperature

3. Weather conditions and time of day

4. Passenger weight and cargo distribution

The correct answer is: Aircraft speed and orientation

When flying an aircraft in ground effect during landing, managing aircraft speed and orientation is crucial. Ground effect occurs when the aircraft is close to the surface, which alters the airflow around the wings and increases lift while decreasing drag. This phenomenon can create a situation where the aircraft feels more buoyant than it is at higher altitudes, potentially causing it to float longer than expected during the landing phase. As the pilot approaches the runway, maintaining an appropriate speed is essential to ensure a smooth touchdown and to prevent the aircraft from stalling. If the speed is too low, the aircraft may not have adequate lift or control, especially as it transitions from ground effect to a state where full weight is on the wheels. Likewise, managing orientation, or the aircraft's attitude relative to the runway, is vital for a proper landing. Any misalignment could result in a hard landing or runway excursion, affecting safety. Thus, focusing on these factors is essential for a successful landing approach while utilizing the ground effect.