Private Pilot Private Exam

When should pilots be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices?

1. Only during takeoff

2. When heavy aircraft are departing

3. When landing or taking off behind heavy aircraft

4. During flight in turbulence

The correct answer is: When landing or taking off behind heavy aircraft

Pilots should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices when landing or taking off behind heavy aircraft due to the significant wake turbulence these larger planes generate. Wingtip vortices are the spiral patterns of rotating air created by the wings of an aircraft, particularly the larger and heavier ones. These vortices can persist for several minutes and can lead to loss of control if an aircraft encounters them, especially during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. When a lighter aircraft is operating in close proximity to a heavier aircraft, the risk of encountering these turbulences increases, particularly in the wake of the heavier aircraft, which may have just taken off or is about to land. This situation requires heightened awareness and precaution, such as ensuring appropriate spacing and understanding the turbulence effects that might arise from the lead aircraft. While aspects related to heavy aircraft departing and in turbulent conditions are certainly important considerations, the specific concern about proximity in takeoff and landing phases captures the critical and immediate risks associated with wingtip vortices. Thus, paying particular attention during these moments helps mitigate potential hazards.